Selection of Plastic Additives

The selection of additives should be based on the desired objectives. The additives chosen should be capable of fully exerting their intended effects and meeting the specified requirements. These requirements are usually set by national standards, international standards, or performance demands from customers. The specific selection of additives is as follows:

1. Toughening: Choose elastomers, thermoplastic elastomers, and rigid toughening materials.

2. Reinforcing: Choose glass fibers, carbon fibers, whiskers, and organic fibers.

3. Flame Retardant: Bromine-based (both conventional and eco-friendly bromine types), phosphorus-based, nitrogen-based, nitrogen/phosphorus composite, expandable flame retardants, antimony trioxide, and hydrated metal hydroxides.

4. Antistatic: Various types of antistatic agents.

5. Conductive: Carbon-based materials (carbon black, graphite, carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes), metal fibers and powders, metal oxides.

6. Magnetic: Ferrite magnetic powders, rare-earth magnetic powders including samarium-cobalt (SmCo or SmCo1), neodymium-iron-boron (Nd-FeB), samarium-iron-nitride (SmFeN), and aluminum-nickel-cobalt magnetic powders.

7. Thermal Conductivity: Metal fibers and powders, metal oxides, nitrides, and carbides, carbon materials such as carbon black, carbon fibers, graphite, and carbon nanotubes, and semiconductor materials such as silicon and boron.

8. Heat Resistance: Glass fibers, inorganic fillers, heat-resistant agents like substituted maleimides and β-crystal-type nucleating agents.

9. Transparency: Nucleating agents. For polypropylene (PP), sorbitol-based nucleating agents, such as Millad 3988, are the most effective.

10. Wear Resistance: F4, graphite, molybdenum disulfide, copper powder, etc.

11. Insulation: Calcined kaolin.

12. Barrier: Mica, montmorillonite, quartz, etc.

(2) Selectivity of Additives for Resins

1. Red phosphorus flame retardants are effective for PA, PBT, and PET.

2. Nitrogen-based flame retardants are effective for oxygen-containing resins like PA, PBT, PET, etc.

3. Nucleating agents work well for copolymer polypropylene.

4. Glass fiber heat resistance modifiers are effective for crystalline plastics but less effective for amorphous plastics.

5. Carbon black-filled conductive plastics are effective in crystalline resins.

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